There's a few things that I miss, mostly being able to run half of my Steam library (which can be done with Wine, but not guaranteed to be successful). Linux ports of certain games that support it can behave differently than their windows counterparts.
From a development standpoint, it has opened lots of doors. Linux was engineered to be programmer-friendly and Ubuntu 16.04 (what I'm using) comes with the GNU compilers (gcc, g++, etc) built into it. It feels like I've been given more tools to work with for free, and development is encouraged on this platform.
The environment is gorgeous. Although this front-end is really just an interface for the terminal and everything shell-related, it's flexible. IRC is running in a terminal window to the right, just because I can, and it's great.
I've currently looked into programming languages like Python, Lua, C, and JS to see if I can make applications that are cross-compatible with Windows and Linux because I feel that it's important to make software that works on both mediums (I probably couldn't care less about Mac).
I can either try building it directly on Windows 10 using Bash from the provided recent addition of Ubuntu's Subsystem or use a virtual machine.
I might need to add some compatibility layers (source code wise) since some of the code didn't want to compile right under Emscripten for the HTML5. All I need to do is add a check for POSIX to make it work.