My instructor once told me to never use fallacies as you will lose credibility with your paper. Some could say a fallacy is an “evil twin” of invention. The following list is a short of different types of fallacies that I’ve learn.

Fallacy: Ad Hominem (Attack on character)
- Person A makes claim X.
- Person B makes an attack on person A.
- Therefore A’s claim is false.

Fallacy: Tu Quoque (Past stances)
- Person A makes claim X.
- Person B asserts that Person A’s actions or past claims are in consistent with the truth of claim X.
- Therefore X is false.

Fallacy: Ad Hominem Circumstantial
Similar to Ad Hominem but instead of being an attack on a person’s character is an attack on their gender, race, hair color, and more.

Fallacy: Ad Hominem Appeal to Authority
- Person A is (claimed to be) a professional on the subject.
- Person A makes claim X about subject Y.
- Therefore, X is true.

Fallacy: Appeal to Belief
- Most people believe that claim X is true.
- Therefore X is true.

Fallacy: Appeal to Common Practice
- X is a common action.
- Therefore X is correct.

Fallacy: Appeal to Emotion
- Favorable emotions are associated with X.
- Therefore claim X is true.

Fallacy: Appeal to Fear
- X is presented. (A claim that is intended to produce fear)
- Therefore claim X is true.

Fallacy: Appeal to Flattery
- Person A is flattered by person B.
- Person A makes claim X.
- X is true.

Fallacy: Appeal to New (Novelty)
- X is new.
- X is correct or better.

Fallacy: Pity
- Person A has disease X.
- Person A claims Y caused X.
- Person A is true.

Fallacy: Popularity
- People like X.
- X must be good.

Like my previous post, if you need any examples on any of these fallacies please feel free to ask.